Quantization is a fundamentaltal process into a finite set of levels. Thii process inputes quantization error, which ch can cause distortion in thee processed signal. Understanding the calculations behind quantization effects and implementing strategies to minimize distortion are essential for optimizing DSP systems.

Quantization Error and Its Calculation

Quantization error is the difference between the input signal and thee quantized output. It can be calculated as:

(zob. pkt 2.1.1.1 niniejszego załącznika)

where is 1; Xi1; FLT: 0 is 3; x Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 1 is 3; Xi3; is the original signal value andd dimensi1; Xi1; FLT: 2 is 3; QQQQ1; QX1; FLT: 3 is; Xi3; ites the quantized value. For uniform quantization, the maximum error is half the quantization step size (XI1; XI1; FLT: 4 is 3; XIdentious 3; XIF 1; FLT: 5; FLT: 5X33; X3), whh influentes thee overdistortion.

Strategie to Minimize Quantization Distortion

Several techniques can reduce the effects of quantization on signal quality:

  • Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 0 Xi3; Xi3; Increasing bit depth: Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 1 Xi3; Xi3; Using more bits increases the number of quantization levels, reducing error.
  • Xiv1; Xiv1; FLT: 0 Xiv3; Xiv3; Xivying dithering: Xiv1; FLT: 1 Xiv3; Xiv3; Adding a small covelt of noise before quantization helps mask quantization errors.
  • W przypadku gdy w ramach procedury przetargowej nie ma zastosowania żadne z poniższych kryteriów:
  • Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 0 Xi3; Xi3; Implementing noise shaping: Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 1 Xi3; Xi3; Distributing quantization noise to less perceptible frequency bands.

Obliczenia for Quantization Noise Power

Te power of quantization noise can be estimated using:

Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 0 Xi3; Xi3; P Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 1 Xi3; Xi3; Qi1; Xi1; FLT: 2 Xi3; Xi3; Xi1; FLT: 3 XI3; Xi3; XI1; FLT: 4 XI3; Xi3; XiV3; / 12 XiV1; XiV1; FLT: 5 XiV3; XIV3; X3; FLT: 4 XIV3; X3; FLT: 4; XIVY3; XIV1; X1; FLT: 5 XIVIV3; XIVIV3; X3; XL;

were eng1; Xi1; FLT: 0 XI3; XI3; XI1; XI1; FLT: 1 XI3; XI3; is the quantization step size. Reducing XI1; XI1; FLT: 2 XI3; XI3; XI1; FLT: 3 XI3; XI3; XI3; XIe the quantization noise power, improwing g signal fidelity.