Capacitiva and piezoelectric sensors are widely used in various industries for measuring physical quantities such as pressure, acceleration, and displacement. Understanding their principles helps in selecting the appropriate sensor for specific applications and in perfoming procidate callations related to their operation.

Zasada Of Capacitiva Sensors

Capacitiva sensors operate based on changes in capacitance caused by variations in thee distance or dielectric properties between two conductiva plates. When a physical quantity causes these plates to o move or alter thee dielectric material, thee capacitance changes accordingly.

Te kondensatory (C) i s kalkulated using thee formula:

Xiv1; Xiv1; FLT: 0 Xiv3; Xiv3; C = Ximp; epsilon; A / d Xiv1; Xiv1; FLT: 1 Xiv3; Xiv3; Xiv3;

Kiedy jest to możliwe, to jest to, co się dzieje, a co nie, to jest to, co się dzieje.

Zasada Of Piezoelectric Sensors

Piezoelectric sensors generate an electric charge when subient to mechanical stres. Thies propertity is due te te crystal structure of piezoelectric materials, which produces a voltage contribual te applied force or pressure.

Thee relationship between thee applied force (F) and thee generated voltage (V) can be expressed as:

(zob. pkt 2.1.1.1 niniejszego załącznika)

Kalkulation Examples

Badanie 1: Capacitiva Sensor

A capacitivie sensor has an area of 10 cm presen1; dif1; FLT: 0 contamination 3; Sif3; 2 contamination 1; FLT: 1 contamination 3; Sif3; Sif3;, a dielectric permittivity of 8.85 x 10 dif1; Sif1; FLT: 2 contamination 3; Sif3; -12 difl1; IfLT: 3 contaminance 3; F / m, ande the distance between plates changes from 1 mm tam. Calculate the change in contabilitance.

Inicjal capacitance:

C XX1; XI1; FLT: 0 XI3; XI3; XI3; XI1; FLT: 1 XI3; XI3; = (8.85 x 10 XI1; XI1; FLT: 2 XI3; XI3; -12 XI1; FLT: 3 XI3; XI3;) * 0.0001 / 0.001 = 8.85 x 10 XI1; XI1; FLT: 4 XI3; -12 XI1; XI1; FLT: 5 XI3; XI3; F

Kondensacja finansowa:

C XX1; XI1; FLT: 0 XI3; XI3; XI3; FLT: 1 XI3; XI3; FLT: 1 XI3; XI3; = (8.85 x 10 XI1; XI3; -12 XI1; XI1; FLT: 3 XI3; XI3;) * 0.0001 / 0.0009 = 9.83 x 10 XI1; XI1; FLT: 4 XI3; XI3; -12 XI1; XI1; FLT: 5 XI3; F;

Change in capacitance: 9.83 x 10 Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 0 Xi3; Xi3; -12 Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 1 Xi3; Xi3; - 8.85 x 10 XI1; Xi1; FLT: 2 XI3; XI3; -12 XI1; XI1; FLT: 3 XI3; XI3; = 0.98 x 10; XI1; FLT: 4 XI3; XI3; -12 XI1; XI1; FLT: 5 XI3; XI3; F

Badanie 2: Piezoelectric Sensor

A piezoelectric sensor produces a voltage of 5 V when a force of 10 N is applied. Find the voltage generate whene the force increates to 15 N, assuming linear behavor.

Using thee relationship V = d * F, and assuming d revens constant:

V BEA1; BEA1; FLT: 0 BEA3; BEA3; 1 BEA1; FLT: 1 BEA3; BEA3; = d * 10 N = 5 V

d = 5 V / 10 N = 0,5 V / N

For 15 N:

V BEA1; BEA1; FLT: 0 BEA3; BEA3; 2 BEA1; FLT: 1 BEA3; BEA3; = 0,5 V / N * 15 N = 7,5 V