Table of Contents
Passive components are fundamental elements in electronic circuits. They do not generate energy but influence the flow of current and voltage. Resistors, capacitors, and inductors are the most common passive components used in various electronic applications.
Resistors
Resistors limit the flow of electric current in a circuit. They are measured in ohms (Ω) and are used to control voltage and current levels. Resistors are essential for protecting other components and setting bias points.
Types of resistors include fixed, variable, and special-purpose resistors. Fixed resistors have a set resistance value, while variable resistors can be adjusted to change resistance.
Capacitors
Capacitors store electrical energy temporarily in an electric field. They are measured in farads (F) and are used for filtering, energy storage, and timing applications. Capacitors block direct current (DC) while allowing alternating current (AC) to pass.
Common types include ceramic, electrolytic, and film capacitors. Each type has specific characteristics suitable for different circuit requirements.
Inductors
Inductors store energy in a magnetic field when current flows through them. They are measured in henries (H) and are used in filters, transformers, and energy storage applications. Inductors oppose changes in current flow.
Types of inductors include air-core, iron-core, and ferrite-core inductors. Their design influences their inductance and application suitability.