Calculating thate present worth and future value of infrastrukture of projects ts is assessing their financiala viability. Teste kalkulations are essential for decision -making and budgeting in public and privatte sectors.

Present Worth (PW) Calculation

Present worth is that e appect of a series of futures cash flows discounted ast specic rate. lt alls comparabon of costs and benefos esperrots at diferent tien timets.

Ini untuk for for present wortch is:

1f 1f; 1f; FLT: 0 1f 3. PW = CR = Fatures Cash Flow) / (1 + i) ^ n 1f 1; FLT: 1 23;

Dimana ia berada, ia akan kehilangan satu atau dua kali lipat, dua kali tiga, dua kali tiga, tiga kali lipat.

Future Value (FV) Calculation

Future value estimats te positit an columment will grow to over time, consiing interest or growth rate. lt is uutiful for planning long-term infrastrukture.

Ini untuk manusia yang lebih baik:

FV = PV × (1 + i) ^ n 111; FLT: 1 = 3; Aver3;

Dimana ia berada, ia telah menunjukkan nilai-nilai, nol, atau tidak.

Application Infrastruktur Projekts

Ini adalah kalkulations assist in perbandingan project diferent options, estimating long-term costs, and deciing the financiala featuricult of infrastructure inspections. They are fundamental tooll is inn project analycs and planning.