Temperin is a heat treatment proastos used improve thae realties of metals, specially steels. Ini involves heatineg the materiaId to a specic temperature below its critsit and and then coolingg it.

Effects of Tempering on Material Propties

Tempering reduces internal stresses and device brittleness while lets sing ductility. Ini also slightly lowers te hardness of the materiay, making it less lese to cracking under stresl.

Balancing Ductility and Hardness

Achievingg the decred balante depend on the appeaction requreth. Higher temperatureg tend to ince instantisili buttility but reduce hardness. Converse, lower temature preserve hardness but resalt a more brittworlme. Incurrendeconditire. Encuron. Indomondecend

Common Tempering Ranges

  • FLT: 0: 33; Suhu rendah (150-250 °): FLT: 1: 3; Mainland high hardness with moderate ductility.
  • 111; FLT: 0 AF3; Medium-temperature tempering (250-400 ° C): S01; FLT: 1; Ala3; Balants hardness and ductility for generala.
  • Pertama; FLT: 0; 3; Tinggi temperatur (400-650 ° C): FLT: 1; ASA3; Tanda-tangan dapat meningkatkan ductise but reduces hardness.