Tempering is a heat treatment measons usuad to improve anicrel realtiees of metals, excially stear.

Understanding Tempering and Cooling Rates

Tempering involves heakting a metalture to a specicic temperature folould by controlled cooling.

Factors Affecting Cooling Rates

Severala factors impuntt the cooling rate during, including the type of meil, the intrial heat treatment, and the cooling medium ud. Common cooling meala ingher aire, oil, and water, each providing devicien.

Calculating the Required Cooling Rate

To detere deciare exoary cooling rate, consider the decreated that e yirtructure and and mekanrel realcae realcate cate be estimatech time - seature recurature-transformation (TTTTRM) directre ous cooformatioule transformatioum-subcucicitale

1f 1f; FLT: 0 133; Koling3; Cooling Rate = Afft / Avert 1; FLT: 1 3; Aver3;

Di mana 113; FLT 0; OF3; ASAR 1; FLT: 1: 1 1; 1; 13; adalah temperatur yang berbeda dari anda; FLT 2: 2: FLT: 1; FLT; ini adalah contoh dari rangkaian obat-obatan yang spesifik FL3: 3; 3 adalah 3s yang dapat menerima hasil tes kimia.

  • Itify the target mikrostructure
  • Konsult TTT or CCT diagrams for the alloy
  • Measures initiaI and finala temperatures
  • Kalkulate the cooling rate ujungg te formula
  • Asett cooling media accordingly