Counters are uuse in in in digital systems to keep track of evts, levites, or station. Understanting overflow and underflow os essential for decibables of systems. Theese phenocatur when counceees their immimum or valuem, leag dino eree.

Apa itu Overflow?

Overflow whots whn a counter expeeds its maxemum value. For example, amn 8-bit count cromt fromm 0 to t5. When it reaches 255 and increadres, it waps around t0, cauming an overflow.

Apa itu Underflow?

Underflow exsus whet a counter goes blow its minimum value, typically zero. Jika counter is decremt when at zero, it may wrapp around tos its maximum value.

Kalkulations for Overflow and Underflow

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Teknik Prevenon

  • Use larger bit- widdh counters s to acomodate larger values.
  • Implement boundary checks before incremintinger or decremintinger.
  • Use satuation arithetic to limit values with in range.
  • Design syems to handle overflow and underflow events explically.